The rel="alternate" hreflang="x"
help Google serve the correct language or regional URL to searchers
If a Website have different URL's (or) sub-domains for targeting different regions with different speaking languages people, using this rel="alternate" hreflang="x"
tag helps to show the webpages for Google searchers with their unique language from there search location
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="http://es.example.com/" />
-->
You can use rel="alternate" tag for following reasons
- For User Generated Content Website - If a website get content from users E.g Forums, Blog etc Just translate navigation and footer and have the main content in single language
- Your pages have broadly similar content within a single language, but the content has small variations for each regions, here you can use the rel="alternate" for targeting each region
- If the entire website is translated for each region For E.g To Target French speaking people the entire website is translated to french language, there we can use the rel="alternate" tag
Using rel="alternate" in the following places
If you have several alternate URLs targeted at users with the same language but in different locales, it's a good idea to provide a generic URL for geographically unspecified users. For example, you may have specific URLs for English speakers in Ireland (en-ie
), Canada (en-ca
), and Australia (en-au
), but want all other English speakers to see your generic English (en
) page. In this case you should specify the generic English-language (en
) page for searchers in, say, the UK.
Examples
- http://www.example.com/page.html English-language homepage. Contains information about fees for shipping internationally from the USA.
- http://en-gb.example.com/page.html English-language; displays prices in pounds sterling.
- http://en-us.example.com/page.html English-language; displays prices in US dollars.
- http://de.example.com/seite.html German-language version of the content
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://www.example.com/page.html" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-gb" href="http://en-gb.example.com/page.html" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="http://en-us.example.com/page.html" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="http://de.example.com/seite.html" />
Creating Sitemap with rel="alternate" hreflang="x"
Imagine you have an English language page, targeted at English speakers worldwide. You also have equivalent versions of this page targeted at German speakers worldwide, and German speakers located in Switzerland. Your full set of URLs is:
- www.example.com/english/
- www.example.com/deutsch/
- www.example.com/schweiz-deutsch/
The sitemap should be created in this format
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"
xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<url>
<loc>http://www.example.com/english/</loc>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="de"
href="http://www.example.com/deutsch/"
/>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="de-ch"
href="http://www.example.com/schweiz-deutsch/"
/>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="en"
href="http://www.example.com/english/"
/>
</url>
<url>
<loc>http://www.example.com/deutsch/</loc>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="en"
href="http://www.example.com/english/"
/>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="de-ch"
href="http://www.example.com/schweiz-deutsch/"
/>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="de"
href="http://www.example.com/deutsch/"
/>
</url>
<url>
<loc>http://www.example.com/schweiz-deutsch/</loc>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="de"
href="http://www.example.com/deutsch/"
/>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="en"
href="http://www.example.com/english/"
/>
<xhtml:link
rel="alternate"
hreflang="de-ch"
href="http://www.example.com/schweiz-deutsch/"
/>
</url>
</urlset>
This example uses the language code de
for the URL targeted at German speakers anywhere, and the language-locale code de-ch
for German speakers in Switzerland. If you have several alternate URLs targeted at users with the same language but in different locales, it's a good idea to provide a URL for geographically unspecified users. For example, you may have specific URLs for English speakers in Ireland (en-ie
), Canada (en-ca
), and Australia (en-au
), but want all other English speakers to see your generic English (en
) page. In this case you should specify the generic English-language (en
) page for searchers in, say, the UK.
Webmaster Target
Change the Geographic Target in webmaster tool to Unlisted.
(ref -http://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=62399)
Configuration ->
Settings -> Geographic Target
Country code to be used in sub-domain to target each country
|
AD | Andorra | 1974 | .ad | ISO 3166-2:AD |
|
AE | United Arab Emirates | 1974 | .ae | ISO 3166-2:AE |
|
AF | Afghanistan | 1974 | .af | ISO 3166-2:AF |
|
AG | Antigua and Barbuda | 1974 | .ag | ISO 3166-2:AG |
|
AI | Anguilla | 1983 | .ai | ISO 3166-2:AI |
|
AL | Albania | 1974 | .al | ISO 3166-2:AL |
|
AM | Armenia | 1992 | .am | ISO 3166-2:AM |
|
AO | Angola | 1974 | .ao | ISO 3166-2:AO |
|
AQ | Antarctica | 1974 | .aq | ISO 3166-2:AQ |
|
AR | Argentina | 1974 | .ar | ISO 3166-2:AR |
|
AS | American Samoa | 1974 | .as | ISO 3166-2:AS |
|
AT | Austria | 1974 | .at | ISO 3166-2:AT |
|
AU | Australia | 1974 | .au | ISO 3166-2:AU |
|
AW | Aruba | 1986 | .aw | ISO 3166-2:AW |
|
AX | Åland Islands | 2004 | .ax | ISO 3166-2:AX |
|
AZ | Azerbaijan | 1992 | .az | ISO 3166-2:AZ |
|
BA | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1992 | .ba | ISO 3166-2:BA |
|
BB | Barbados | 1974 | .bb | ISO 3166-2:BB |
|
BD | Bangladesh | 1974 | .bd | ISO 3166-2:BD |
|
BE | Belgium | 1974 | .be | ISO 3166-2:BE |
|
BF | Burkina Faso | 1984 | .bf | ISO 3166-2:BF |
|
BG | Bulgaria | 1974 | .bg | ISO 3166-2:BG |
|
BH | Bahrain | 1974 | .bh | ISO 3166-2:BH |
|
BI | Burundi | 1974 | .bi | ISO 3166-2:BI |
|
BJ | Benin | 1977 | .bj | ISO 3166-2:BJ |
|
BL | Saint Barthélemy | 2007 | .bl | ISO 3166-2:BL |
|
BM | Bermuda | 1974 | .bm | ISO 3166-2:BM |
|
BN | Brunei Darussalam | 1974 | .bn | ISO 3166-2:BN |
|
BO | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 1974 | .bo | ISO 3166-2:BO |
|
BQ | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 2010 | .bq | ISO 3166-2:BQ |
|
BR | Brazil | 1974 | .br | ISO 3166-2:BR |
|
BS | Bahamas | 1974 | .bs | ISO 3166-2:BS |
|
BT | Bhutan | 1974 | .bt | ISO 3166-2:BT |
|
BV | Bouvet Island | 1974 | .bv | ISO 3166-2:BV |
|
BW | Botswana | 1974 | .bw | ISO 3166-2:BW |
|
BY | Belarus | 1974 | .by | ISO 3166-2:BY |
|
BZ | Belize | 1974 | .bz | ISO 3166-2:BZ |
|
CA | Canada | 1974 | .ca | ISO 3166-2:CA |
|
CC | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 1974 | .cc | ISO 3166-2:CC |
|
CD | Congo, the Democratic Republic of the | 1997 | .cd | ISO 3166-2:CD |
|
CF | Central African Republic | 1974 | .cf | ISO 3166-2:CF |
|
CG | Congo | 1974 | .cg | ISO 3166-2:CG |
|
CH | Switzerland | 1974 | .ch | ISO 3166-2:CH |
|
CI | Côte d'Ivoire | 1974 | .ci | ISO 3166-2:CI |
|
CK | Cook Islands | 1974 | .ck | ISO 3166-2:CK |
|
CL | Chile | 1974 | .cl | ISO 3166-2:CL |
|
CM | Cameroon | 1974 | .cm | ISO 3166-2:CM |
|
CN | China | 1974 | .cn | ISO 3166-2:CN |
|
CO | Colombia | 1974 | .co | ISO 3166-2:CO |
|
CR | Costa Rica | 1974 | .cr | ISO 3166-2:CR |
|
CU | Cuba | 1974 | .cu | ISO 3166-2:CU |
|
CV | Cape Verde | 1974 | .cv | ISO 3166-2:CV |
|
CW | Curaçao | 2010 | .cw | ISO 3166-2:CW |
|
CX | Christmas Island | 1974 | .cx | ISO 3166-2:CX |
|
CY | Cyprus | 1974 | .cy | ISO 3166-2:CY |
|
CZ | Czech Republic | 1993 | .cz | ISO 3166-2:CZ |
|
DE | Germany | 1974 | .de | ISO 3166-2:DE |
|
DJ | Djibouti | 1977 | .dj | ISO 3166-2:DJ |
|
DK | Denmark | 1974 | .dk | ISO 3166-2:DK |
|
DM | Dominica | 1974 | .dm | ISO 3166-2:DM |
|
DO | Dominican Republic | 1974 | .do | ISO 3166-2:DO |
|
DZ | Algeria | 1974 | .dz | ISO 3166-2:DZ |
|
EC | Ecuador | 1974 | .ec | ISO 3166-2:EC |
|
EE | Estonia | 1992 | .ee | ISO 3166-2:EE |
|
EG | Egypt | 1974 | .eg | ISO 3166-2:EG |
|
EH | Western Sahara | 1974 | .eh | ISO 3166-2:EH |
|
ER | Eritrea | 1993 | .er | ISO 3166-2:ER |
|
ES | Spain | 1974 | .es | ISO 3166-2:ES |
|
ET | Ethiopia | 1974 | .et | ISO 3166-2:ET |
|
FI | Finland | 1974 | .fi | ISO 3166-2:FI |
|
FJ | Fiji | 1974 | .fj | ISO 3166-2:FJ |
|
FK | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 1974 | .fk | ISO 3166-2:FK |
|
FM | Micronesia, Federated States of | 1986 | .fm | ISO 3166-2:FM |
|
FO | Faroe Islands | 1974 | .fo | ISO 3166-2:FO |
|
FR | France | 1974 | .fr | ISO 3166-2:FR |
|
GA | Gabon | 1974 | .ga | ISO 3166-2:GA |
|
GB | United Kingdom | 1974 | .gb
(.uk) | ISO 3166-2:GB |
|
GD | Grenada | 1974 | .gd | ISO 3166-2:GD |
|
GE | Georgia | 1992 | .ge | ISO 3166-2:GE |
|
GF | French Guiana | 1974 | .gf | ISO 3166-2:GF |
|
GG | Guernsey | 2006 | .gg | ISO 3166-2:GG |
|
GH | Ghana | 1974 | .gh | ISO 3166-2:GH |
|
GI | Gibraltar | 1974 | .gi | ISO 3166-2:GI |
|
GL | Greenland | 1974 | .gl | ISO 3166-2:GL |
|
GM | Gambia | 1974 | .gm | ISO 3166-2:GM |
|
GN | Guinea | 1974 | .gn | ISO 3166-2:GN |
|
GP | Guadeloupe | 1974 | .gp | ISO 3166-2:GP |
|
GQ | Equatorial Guinea | 1974 | .gq | ISO 3166-2:GQ |
|
GR | Greece | 1974 | .gr | ISO 3166-2:GR |
|
GS | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 1993 | .gs | ISO 3166-2:GS |
|
GT | Guatemala | 1974 | .gt | ISO 3166-2:GT |
|
GU | Guam | 1974 | .gu | ISO 3166-2:GU |
|
GW | Guinea-Bissau | 1974 | .gw | ISO 3166-2:GW |
|
GY | Guyana | 1974 | .gy | ISO 3166-2:GY |
|
HK | Hong Kong | 1974 | .hk | ISO 3166-2:HK |
|
HM | Heard Island and McDonald Islands | 1974 | .hm | ISO 3166-2:HM |
|
HN | Honduras | 1974 | .hn | ISO 3166-2:HN |
|
HR | Croatia | 1992 | .hr | ISO 3166-2:HR |
|
HT | Haiti | 1974 | .ht | ISO 3166-2:HT |
|
HU | Hungary | 1974 | .hu | ISO 3166-2:HU |
|
ID | Indonesia | 1974 | .id | ISO 3166-2:ID |
|
IE | Ireland | 1974 | .ie | ISO 3166-2:IE |
|
IL | Israel | 1974 | .il | ISO 3166-2:IL |
|
IM | Isle of Man | 2006 | .im | ISO 3166-2:IM |
|
IN | India | 1974 | .in | ISO 3166-2:IN |
|
IO | British Indian Ocean Territory | 1974 | .io | ISO 3166-2:IO |
|
IQ | Iraq | 1974 | .iq | ISO 3166-2:IQ |
|
IR | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1974 | .ir | ISO 3166-2:IR |
|
IS | Iceland | 1974 | .is | ISO 3166-2:IS |
|
IT | Italy | 1974 | .it | ISO 3166-2:IT |
|
JE | Jersey | 2006 | .je | ISO 3166-2:JE |
|
JM | Jamaica | 1974 | .jm | ISO 3166-2:JM |
|
JO | Jordan | 1974 | .jo | ISO 3166-2:JO |
|
JP | Japan | 1974 | .jp | ISO 3166-2:JP |
|
KE | Kenya | 1974 | .ke | ISO 3166-2:KE |
|
KG | Kyrgyzstan | 1992 | .kg | ISO 3166-2:KG |
|
KH | Cambodia | 1974 | .kh | ISO 3166-2:KH |
|
KI | Kiribati | 1979 | .ki | ISO 3166-2:KI |
|
KM | Comoros | 1974 | .km | ISO 3166-2:KM |
|
KN | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1974 | .kn | ISO 3166-2:KN |
|
KP | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 1974 | .kp | ISO 3166-2:KP |
|
KR | Korea, Republic of | 1974 | .kr | ISO 3166-2:KR |
|
KW | Kuwait | 1974 | .kw | ISO 3166-2:KW |
|
KY | Cayman Islands | 1974 | .ky | ISO 3166-2:KY |
|
KZ | Kazakhstan | 1992 | .kz | ISO 3166-2:KZ |
|
LA | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 1974 | .la | ISO 3166-2:LA |
|
LB | Lebanon | 1974 | .lb | ISO 3166-2:LB |
|
LC | Saint Lucia | 1974 | .lc | ISO 3166-2:LC |
|
LI | Liechtenstein | 1974 | .li | ISO 3166-2:LI |
|
LK | Sri Lanka | 1974 | .lk | ISO 3166-2:LK |
|
LR | Liberia | 1974 | .lr | ISO 3166-2:LR |
|
LS | Lesotho | 1974 | .ls | ISO 3166-2:LS |
|
LT | Lithuania | 1992 | .lt | ISO 3166-2:LT |
|
LU | Luxembourg | 1974 | .lu | ISO 3166-2:LU |
|
LV | Latvia | 1992 | .lv | ISO 3166-2:LV |
|
LY | Libya | 1974 | .ly | ISO 3166-2:LY |
|
MA | Morocco | 1974 | .ma | ISO 3166-2:MA |
|
MC | Monaco | 1974 | .mc | ISO 3166-2:MC |
|
MD | Moldova, Republic of | 1992 | .md | ISO 3166-2:MD |
|
ME | Montenegro | 2006 | .me | ISO 3166-2:ME |
|
MF | Saint Martin (French part) | 2007 | .mf | ISO 3166-2:MF |
|
MG | Madagascar | 1974 | .mg | ISO 3166-2:MG |
|
MH | Marshall Islands | 1986 | .mh | ISO 3166-2:MH |
|
MK | Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | 1993 | .mk | ISO 3166-2:MK |
|
ML | Mali | 1974 | .ml | ISO 3166-2:ML |
|
MM | Myanmar | 1989 | .mm | ISO 3166-2:MM |
|
MN | Mongolia | 1974 | .mn | ISO 3166-2:MN |
|
MO | Macao | 1974 | .mo | ISO 3166-2:MO |
|
MP | Northern Mariana Islands | 1986 | .mp | ISO 3166-2:MP |
|
MQ | Martinique | 1974 | .mq | ISO 3166-2:MQ |
|
MR | Mauritania | 1974 | .mr | ISO 3166-2:MR |
|
MS | Montserrat | 1974 | .ms | ISO 3166-2:MS |
|
MT | Malta | 1974 | .mt | ISO 3166-2:MT |
|
MU | Mauritius | 1974 | .mu | ISO 3166-2:MU |
|
MV | Maldives | 1974 | .mv | ISO 3166-2:MV |
|
MW | Malawi | 1974 | .mw | ISO 3166-2:MW |
|
MX | Mexico | 1974 | .mx | ISO 3166-2:MX |
|
MY | Malaysia | 1974 | .my | ISO 3166-2:MY |
|
MZ | Mozambique | 1974 | .mz | ISO 3166-2:MZ |
|
NA | Namibia | 1974 | .na | ISO 3166-2:NA |
|
NC | New Caledonia | 1974 | .nc | ISO 3166-2:NC |
|
NE | Niger | 1974 | .ne | ISO 3166-2:NE |
|
NF | Norfolk Island | 1974 | .nf | ISO 3166-2:NF |
|
NG | Nigeria | 1974 | .ng | ISO 3166-2:NG |
|
NI | Nicaragua | 1974 | .ni | ISO 3166-2:NI |
|
NL | Netherlands | 1974 | .nl | ISO 3166-2:NL |
|
NO | Norway | 1974 | .no | ISO 3166-2:NO |
|
NP | Nepal | 1974 | .np | ISO 3166-2:NP |
|
NR | Nauru | 1974 | .nr | ISO 3166-2:NR |
|
NU | Niue | 1974 | .nu | ISO 3166-2:NU |
|
NZ | New Zealand | 1974 | .nz | ISO 3166-2:NZ |
|
OM | Oman | 1974 | .om | ISO 3166-2:OM |
|
PA | Panama | 1974 | .pa | ISO 3166-2:PA |
|
PE | Peru | 1974 | .pe | ISO 3166-2:PE |
|
PF | French Polynesia | 1974 | .pf | ISO 3166-2:PF |
|
PG | Papua New Guinea | 1974 | .pg | ISO 3166-2:PG |
|
PH | Philippines | 1974 | .ph | ISO 3166-2:PH |
|
PK | Pakistan | 1974 | .pk | ISO 3166-2:PK |
|
PL | Poland | 1974 | .pl | ISO 3166-2:PL |
|
PM | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1974 | .pm | ISO 3166-2:PM |
|
PN | Pitcairn | 1974 | .pn | ISO 3166-2:PN |
|
PR | Puerto Rico | 1974 | .pr | ISO 3166-2:PR |
|
PS | Palestinian Territory, Occupied | 1999 | .ps | ISO 3166-2:PS |
|
PT | Portugal | 1974 | .pt | ISO 3166-2:PT |
|
PW | Palau | 1986 | .pw | ISO 3166-2:PW |
|
PY | Paraguay | 1974 | .py | ISO 3166-2:PY |
|
QA | Qatar | 1974 | .qa | ISO 3166-2:QA |
|
RE | Réunion | 1974 | .re | ISO 3166-2:RE |
|
RO | Romania | 1974 | .ro | ISO 3166-2:RO |
|
RS | Serbia | 2006 | .rs | ISO 3166-2:RS |
|
RU | Russian Federation | 1992 | .ru | ISO 3166-2:RU |
|
RW | Rwanda | 1974 | .rw | ISO 3166-2:RW |
|
SA | Saudi Arabia | 1974 | .sa | ISO 3166-2:SA |
|
SB | Solomon Islands | 1974 | .sb | ISO 3166-2:SB |
|
SC | Seychelles | 1974 | .sc | ISO 3166-2:SC |
|
SD | Sudan | 1974 | .sd | ISO 3166-2:SD |
|
SE | Sweden | 1974 | .se | ISO 3166-2:SE |
|
SG | Singapore | 1974 | .sg | ISO 3166-2:SG |
|
SH | Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | 1974 | .sh | ISO 3166-2:SH |
|
SI | Slovenia | 1992 | .si | ISO 3166-2:SI |
|
SJ | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | 1974 | .sj | ISO 3166-2:SJ |
|
SK | Slovakia | 1993 | .sk | ISO 3166-2:SK |
|
SL | Sierra Leone | 1974 | .sl | ISO 3166-2:SL |
|
SM | San Marino | 1974 | .sm | ISO 3166-2:SM |
|
SN | Senegal | 1974 | .sn | ISO 3166-2:SN |
|
SO | Somalia | 1974 | .so | ISO 3166-2:SO |
|
SR | Suriname | 1974 | .sr | ISO 3166-2:SR |
|
SS | South Sudan | 2011 | .ss | ISO 3166-2:SS |
|
ST | Sao Tome and Principe | 1974 | .st | ISO 3166-2:ST |
|
SV | El Salvador | 1974 | .sv | ISO 3166-2:SV |
|
SX | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 2010 | .sx | ISO 3166-2:SX |
|
SY | Syrian Arab Republic | 1974 | .sy | ISO 3166-2:SY |
|
SZ | Swaziland | 1974 | .sz | ISO 3166-2:SZ |
|
TC | Turks and Caicos Islands | 1974 | .tc | ISO 3166-2:TC |
|
TD | Chad | 1974 | .td | ISO 3166-2:TD |
|
TF | French Southern Territories | 1979 | .tf | ISO 3166-2:TF |
|
TG | Togo | 1974 | .tg | ISO 3166-2:TG |
|
TH | Thailand | 1974 | .th | ISO 3166-2:TH |
|
TJ | Tajikistan | 1992 | .tj | ISO 3166-2:TJ |
|
TK | Tokelau | 1974 | .tk | ISO 3166-2:TK |
|
TL | Timor-Leste | 2002 | .tl | ISO 3166-2:TL |
|
TM | Turkmenistan | 1992 | .tm | ISO 3166-2:TM |
|
TN | Tunisia | 1974 | .tn | ISO 3166-2:TN |
|
TO | Tonga | 1974 | .to | ISO 3166-2:TO |
|
TR | Turkey | 1974 | .tr | ISO 3166-2:TR |
|
TT | Trinidad and Tobago | 1974 | .tt | ISO 3166-2:TT |
|
TV | Tuvalu | 1979 | .tv | ISO 3166-2:TV |
|
TW | Taiwan, Province of China | 1974 | .tw | ISO 3166-2:TW |
|
TZ | Tanzania, United Republic of | 1974 | .tz | ISO 3166-2:TZ |
|
UA | Ukraine | 1974 | .ua | ISO 3166-2:UA |
|
UG | Uganda | 1974 | .ug | ISO 3166-2:UG |
|
UM | United States Minor Outlying Islands | 1986 | .um | ISO 3166-2:UM |
|
US | United States | 1974 | .us | ISO 3166-2:US |
|
UY | Uruguay | 1974 | .uy | ISO 3166-2:UY |
|
UZ | Uzbekistan | 1992 | .uz | ISO 3166-2:UZ |
|
VA | Holy See (Vatican City State) | 1974 | .va | ISO 3166-2:VA |
|
VC | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1974 | .vc | ISO 3166-2:VC |
|
VE | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1974 | .ve | ISO 3166-2:VE |
|
VG | Virgin Islands, British | 1974 | .vg | ISO 3166-2:VG |
|
VI | Virgin Islands, U.S. | 1974 | .vi | ISO 3166-2:VI |
|
VN | Viet Nam | 1974 | .vn | ISO 3166-2:VN |
|
VU | Vanuatu | 1980 | .vu | ISO 3166-2:VU |
|
WF | Wallis and Futuna | 1974 | .wf | ISO 3166-2:WF |
|
WS | Samoa | 1974 | .ws | ISO 3166-2:WS |
|
YE | Yemen | 1974 | .ye | ISO 3166-2:YE |
|
YT | Mayotte | 1993 | .yt | ISO 3166-2:YT |
|
ZA | South Africa | 1974 | .za | ISO 3166-2:ZA |
|
ZM | Zambia | 1974 | .zm | ISO 3166-2:ZM |
|
ZW | Zimbabwe | 1980 | .zw | ISO 3166-2:ZW |
Language code to be used in sub-domain to target each country
| Northwest Caucasian | Abkhaz |
| ab | abk | abk | abk | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Afar |
| aa | aar | aar | aar | |
|
| Indo-European | Afrikaans |
| af | afr | afr | afr | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Akan |
| ak | aka | aka | aka + 2 | |
|
| Indo-European | Albanian |
| sq | sqi | alb | sqi + 4 | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Amharic |
| am | amh | amh | amh | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Arabic |
| ar | ara | ara | ara +30 | |
|
| Indo-European | Aragonese |
| an | arg | arg | arg | |
|
| Indo-European | Armenian |
| hy | hye | arm | hye | |
|
| Indo-European | Assamese |
| as | asm | asm | asm | |
|
| Northeast Caucasian | Avaric |
| av | ava | ava | ava | |
|
| Indo-European | Avestan |
| ae | ave | ave | ave | |
|
| Aymaran | Aymara |
| ay | aym | aym | aym +2 | |
|
| Turkic | Azerbaijani |
| az | aze | aze | aze + 2 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Bambara |
| bm | bam | bam | bam | |
|
| Turkic | Bashkir |
| ba | bak | bak | bak | |
|
| Language isolate | Basque |
| eu | eus | baq | eus | |
|
| Indo-European | Belarusian |
| be | bel | bel | bel | |
|
| Indo-European | Bengali |
| bn | ben | ben | ben | |
|
| Indo-European | Bihari |
| bh | bih | bih | – | |
|
| Creole | Bislama |
| bi | bis | bis | bis | |
|
| Indo-European | Bosnian |
| bs | bos | bos | bos | |
|
| Indo-European | Breton |
| br | bre | bre | bre | |
|
| Indo-European | Bulgarian |
| bg | bul | bul | bul | |
|
| Sino-Tibetan | Burmese |
| my | mya | bur | mya | |
|
| Indo-European | Catalan; Valencian |
| ca | cat | cat | cat | |
|
| Austronesian | Chamorro |
| ch | cha | cha | cha | |
|
| Northeast Caucasian | Chechen |
| ce | che | che | che | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Chichewa; Chewa; Nyanja |
| ny | nya | nya | nya | |
|
| Sino-Tibetan | Chinese |
| zh | zho | chi | zho +13 | |
|
| Turkic | Chuvash |
| cv | chv | chv | chv | |
|
| Indo-European | Cornish |
| kw | cor | cor | cor | |
|
| Indo-European | Corsican |
| co | cos | cos | cos | |
|
| Algonquian | Cree |
| cr | cre | cre | cre + 6 | |
|
| Indo-European | Croatian |
| hr | hrv | hrv | hrv | |
|
| Indo-European | Czech |
| cs | ces | cze | ces | |
|
| Indo-European | Danish |
| da | dan | dan | dan | |
|
| Indo-European | Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian; |
| dv | div | div | div | |
|
| Indo-European | Dutch |
| nl | nld | dut | nld | |
|
| Sino-Tibetan | Dzongkha |
| dz | dzo | dzo | dzo | |
|
| Indo-European | English |
| en | eng | eng | eng | |
|
| Constructed | Esperanto |
| eo | epo | epo | epo | |
|
| Uralic | Estonian |
| et | est | est | est + 2 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Ewe |
| ee | ewe | ewe | ewe | |
|
| Indo-European | Faroese |
| fo | fao | fao | fao | |
|
| Austronesian | Fijian |
| fj | fij | fij | fij | |
|
| Uralic | Finnish |
| fi | fin | fin | fin | |
|
| Indo-European | French |
| fr | fra | fre | fra | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Fula; Fulah; Pulaar; Pular |
| ff | ful | ful | ful + 9 | |
|
| Indo-European | Galician |
| gl | glg | glg | glg | |
|
| South Caucasian | Georgian |
| ka | kat | geo | kat | |
|
| Indo-European | German |
| de | deu | ger | deu | |
|
| Indo-European | Greek, Modern |
| el | ell | gre | ell | |
|
| Tupian | Guaraní |
| gn | grn | grn | grn + 5 | |
|
| Indo-European | Gujarati |
| gu | guj | guj | guj | |
|
| Creole | Haitian; Haitian Creole |
| ht | hat | hat | hat | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Hausa |
| ha | hau | hau | hau | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Hebrew (modern) |
| he | heb | heb | heb | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Herero |
| hz | her | her | her | |
|
| Indo-European | Hindi |
| hi | hin | hin | hin | |
|
| Austronesian | Hiri Motu |
| ho | hmo | hmo | hmo | |
|
| Uralic | Hungarian |
| hu | hun | hun | hun | |
|
| Constructed | Interlingua |
| ia | ina | ina | ina | |
|
| Austronesian | Indonesian |
| id | ind | ind | ind | |
|
| Constructed | Interlingue |
| ie | ile | ile | ile | |
|
| Indo-European | Irish |
| ga | gle | gle | gle | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Igbo |
| ig | ibo | ibo | ibo | |
|
| Eskimo–Aleut | Inupiaq |
| ik | ipk | ipk | ipk + 2 | |
|
| Constructed | Ido |
| io | ido | ido | ido | |
|
| Indo-European | Icelandic |
| is | isl | ice | isl | |
|
| Indo-European | Italian |
| it | ita | ita | ita | |
|
| Eskimo–Aleut | Inuktitut |
| iu | iku | iku | iku + 2 | |
|
| Japonic | Japanese |
| ja | jpn | jpn | jpn | |
|
| Austronesian | Javanese |
| jv | jav | jav | jav | |
|
| Eskimo–Aleut | Kalaallisut, Greenlandic |
| kl | kal | kal | kal | |
|
| Dravidian | Kannada |
| kn | kan | kan | kan | |
|
| Nilo-Saharan | Kanuri |
| kr | kau | kau | kau + 3 | |
|
| Indo-European | Kashmiri |
| ks | kas | kas | kas | |
|
| Turkic | Kazakh |
| kk | kaz | kaz | kaz | |
|
| Austro-Asiatic | Khmer |
| km | khm | khm | khm | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Kikuyu, Gikuyu |
| ki | kik | kik | kik | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Kinyarwanda |
| rw | kin | kin | kin | |
|
| Turkic | Kyrgyz |
| ky | kir | kir | kir | |
|
| Uralic | Komi |
| kv | kom | kom | kom +2 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Kongo |
| kg | kon | kon | kon + 3 | |
|
| Language isolate | Korean |
| ko | kor | kor | kor | |
|
| Indo-European | Kurdish |
| ku | kur | kur | kur + 3 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Kwanyama, Kuanyama |
| kj | kua | kua | kua | |
|
| Indo-European | Latin |
| la | lat | lat | lat | |
|
| Indo-European | Luxembourgish, Letzeburgesch |
| lb | ltz | ltz | ltz | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Ganda |
| lg | lug | lug | lug | |
|
| Indo-European | Limburgish, Limburgan, Limburger |
| li | lim | lim | lim | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Lingala |
| ln | lin | lin | lin | |
|
| Tai–Kadai | Lao |
| lo | lao | lao | lao | |
|
| Indo-European | Lithuanian |
| lt | lit | lit | lit | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Luba-Katanga |
| lu | lub | lub | lub | |
|
| Indo-European | Latvian |
| lv | lav | lav | lav + 2 | |
|
| Indo-European | Manx |
| gv | glv | glv | glv | |
|
| Indo-European | Macedonian |
| mk | mkd | mac | mkd | |
|
| Austronesian | Malagasy |
| mg | mlg | mlg | mlg +10 | |
|
| Austronesian | Malay |
| ms | msa | may | msa +13 | |
|
| Dravidian | Malayalam |
| ml | mal | mal | mal | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Maltese |
| mt | mlt | mlt | mlt | |
|
| Austronesian | Māori |
| mi | mri | mao | mri | |
|
| Indo-European | Marathi (Marāṭhī) |
| mr | mar | mar | mar | |
|
| Austronesian | Marshallese |
| mh | mah | mah | mah | |
|
| Mongolic | Mongolian |
| mn | mon | mon | mon +2 | |
|
| Austronesian | Nauru |
| na | nau | nau | nau | |
|
| Dené–Yeniseian | Navajo, Navaho |
| nv | nav | nav | nav | |
|
| Indo-European | Norwegian Bokmål |
| nb | nob | nob | nob | |
|
| Niger–Congo | North Ndebele |
| nd | nde | nde | nde | |
|
| Indo-European | Nepali |
| ne | nep | nep | nep | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Ndonga |
| ng | ndo | ndo | ndo | |
|
| Indo-European | Norwegian Nynorsk |
| nn | nno | nno | nno | |
|
| Indo-European | Norwegian |
| no | nor | nor | nor + 2 | |
|
| Sino-Tibetan | Nuosu |
| ii | iii | iii | iii | |
|
| Niger–Congo | South Ndebele |
| nr | nbl | nbl | nbl | |
|
| Indo-European | Occitan |
| oc | oci | oci | oci | |
|
| Algonquian | Ojibwe, Ojibwa |
| oj | oji | oji | oji + 7 | |
|
| Indo-European | Old Church Slavonic, Church Slavic, Church Slavonic, Old Bulgarian, Old Slavonic |
| cu | chu | chu | chu | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Oromo |
| om | orm | orm | orm +4 | |
|
| Indo-European | Oriya |
| or | ori | ori | ori | |
|
| Indo-European | Ossetian, Ossetic |
| os | oss | oss | oss | |
|
| Indo-European | Panjabi, Punjabi |
| pa | pan | pan | pan | |
|
| Indo-European | Pāli |
| pi | pli | pli | pli | |
|
| Indo-European | Persian |
| fa | fas | per | fas + 2 | |
|
| Indo-European | Polish |
| pl | pol | pol | pol | |
|
| Indo-European | Pashto, Pushto |
| ps | pus | pus | pus + 3 | |
|
| Indo-European | Portuguese |
| pt | por | por | por | |
|
| Quechuan | Quechua |
| qu | que | que | que +44 | |
|
| Indo-European | Romansh |
| rm | roh | roh | roh | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Kirundi |
| rn | run | run | run | |
|
| Indo-European | Romanian, Moldavian(Romanian from Republic of Moldova) |
| ro | ron | rum | ron | |
|
| Indo-European | Russian |
| ru | rus | rus | rus | |
|
| Indo-European | Sanskrit (Saṁskṛta) |
| sa | san | san | san | |
|
| Indo-European | Sardinian |
| sc | srd | srd | srd + 4 | |
|
| Indo-European | Sindhi |
| sd | snd | snd | snd | |
|
| Uralic | Northern Sami |
| se | sme | sme | sme | |
|
| Austronesian | Samoan |
| sm | smo | smo | smo | |
|
| Creole | Sango |
| sg | sag | sag | sag | |
|
| Indo-European | Serbian |
| sr | srp | srp | srp | |
|
| Indo-European | Scottish Gaelic; Gaelic |
| gd | gla | gla | gla | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Shona |
| sn | sna | sna | sna | |
|
| Indo-European | Sinhala, Sinhalese |
| si | sin | sin | sin | |
|
| Indo-European | Slovak |
| sk | slk | slo | slk | |
|
| Indo-European | Slovene |
| sl | slv | slv | slv | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Somali |
| so | som | som | som | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Southern Sotho |
| st | sot | sot | sot | |
|
| Indo-European | Spanish; Castilian |
| es | spa | spa | spa | |
|
| Austronesian | Sundanese |
| su | sun | sun | sun | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Swahili |
| sw | swa | swa | swa +2 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Swati |
| ss | ssw | ssw | ssw | |
|
| Indo-European | Swedish |
| sv | swe | swe | swe | |
|
| Dravidian | Tamil |
| ta | tam | tam | tam | |
|
| Dravidian | Telugu |
| te | tel | tel | tel | |
|
| Indo-European | Tajik |
| tg | tgk | tgk | tgk | |
|
| Tai–Kadai | Thai |
| th | tha | tha | tha | |
|
| Afro-Asiatic | Tigrinya |
| ti | tir | tir | tir | |
|
| Sino-Tibetan | Tibetan Standard, Tibetan, Central |
| bo | bod | tib | bod | |
|
| Turkic | Turkmen |
| tk | tuk | tuk | tuk | |
|
| Austronesian | Tagalog |
| tl | tgl | tgl | tgl | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Tswana |
| tn | tsn | tsn | tsn | |
|
| Austronesian | Tonga (Tonga Islands) |
| to | ton | ton | ton | |
|
| Turkic | Turkish |
| tr | tur | tur | tur | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Tsonga |
| ts | tso | tso | tso | |
|
| Turkic | Tatar |
| tt | tat | tat | tat | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Twi |
| tw | twi | twi | twi | |
|
| Austronesian | Tahitian |
| ty | tah | tah | tah | |
|
| Turkic | Uighur, Uyghur |
| ug | uig | uig | uig | |
|
| Indo-European | Ukrainian |
| uk | ukr | ukr | ukr | |
|
| Indo-European | Urdu |
| ur | urd | urd | urd | |
|
| Turkic | Uzbek |
| uz | uzb | uzb | uzb + 2 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Venda |
| ve | ven | ven | ven | |
|
| Austro-Asiatic | Vietnamese |
| vi | vie | vie | vie | |
|
| Constructed | Volapük |
| vo | vol | vol | vol | |
|
| Indo-European | Walloon |
| wa | wln | wln | wln | |
|
| Indo-European | Welsh |
| cy | cym | wel | cym | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Wolof |
| wo | wol | wol | wol | |
|
| Indo-European | Western Frisian |
| fy | fry | fry | fry | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Xhosa |
| xh | xho | xho | xho | |
|
| Indo-European | Yiddish |
| yi | yid | yid | yid + 2 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Yoruba |
| yo | yor | yor | yor | |
|
| Tai–Kadai | Zhuang, Chuang |
| za | zha | zha | zha +16 | |
|
| Niger–Congo | Zulu |
| zu | zul | zul | zul |
Reference URL's
http://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=189077
http://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2620865
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a web search engine's unpaid results—often referred to as "natural", "organic", or "earned" results.
ReplyDeleteSEO Services in Pakistan